In-Depth Analyses

27Aug
2026

Sharing fraud intelligence under the Payment Services Regulation: mind the gap

Published in: 
In-Depth Analyses
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal

The EU Payment Services Regulation (PSR) represents a significant improvement in the EU’s response to payment fraud.

21May
2026

Stablecoins: convergent rules on the surface, divergent regimes in practice

Published in: 
In-Depth Analyses
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal

Seven jurisdictions have now legislated for stablecoins.

30Oct
2025

Embedding financial competitiveness as a regulatory objective to boost Europe’s productivity

Published in: 
In-Depth Analyses
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal, Pablo Zalba, César Gurrea

Competitiveness has become the defining challenge for the European economy, but the EU’s financial system is still constrained by a regulatory framework focusing on stability and

08Oct
2025

Assessing regulatory approaches to gatekeeper participation in EU open finance

Published in: 
In-Depth Analyses
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal, Fredrik Andersson

The Financial Data Access Regulation (FIDA) is entering a decisive phase in negotiations. FIDA is the EU’s attempt to expand data portability in financial services.

11Sep
2025

Multi-issuance stablecoins and MiCA’s first real credibility test

Published in: 
In-Depth Analyses
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal

The EU’s Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) is now the world’s most comprehensive regulatory framework for digital assets.

28May
2025

Unfit for purpose? The legal maze of credit scoring under EU law

Published in: 
In-Depth Analyses
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal

The rules on automated credit scoring in the EU are entering a phase of profound transformation.

04Apr
2024

A radiography of crypto-assets and their risks

Published in: 
In-Depth Analyses
Author(s): 
Fredrik Andersson, Judith Arnal

Public awareness of crypto-assets has increased but there is still room for improvement in understanding.