Policy Briefs

18Jun
2025

How to ensure a safer future for retail payments: Aligning fraud prevention and accountability in the EU

Published in: 
Policy Briefs
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal

Retail payment fraud is a structural challenge that no longer falls solely within the remit of payment service providers (PSPs).

28May
2025

Unfit for purpose? The legal maze of credit scoring under EU law

Published in: 
Policy Briefs
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal

The rules on automated credit scoring in the EU are entering a phase of profound transformation.

06May
2024

Over-indebtedness in a high inflation and high interest rate landscape

Published in: 
Policy Briefs
Author(s): 
Fredrik Andersson, Beatriz Pozo Pérez

Households have experienced varying credit conditions over the past few years. The Russian invasion of Ukraine created much market uncertainty and during the course of the year, energy prices surge

02May
2024

Ten years of the SSM: The past, present and future of banking supervision in the Banking Union

Published in: 
Policy Briefs
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal, Apostolos Thomadakis

European banking supervision will have been operational for ten years come November 2024.

04Apr
2024

A radiography of crypto-assets and their risks

Published in: 
Policy Briefs
Author(s): 
Fredrik Andersson, Judith Arnal

Public awareness of crypto-assets has increased but there is still room for improvement in understanding.

03Aug
2023

New EU rules for consumer credit markets

Published in: 
Policy Briefs
Author(s): 
Karel Lannoo, Fredrik Andersson

Consumer credit is more prevalent in European countries than is often assumed.

24Feb
2022

The EU is homing in on dirty money

Published in: 
Policy Briefs
Author(s): 
Karel Lannoo

The EU is getting serious in the fight against dirty money. It is currently grappling with a huge legislative package in the domain of anti-money laundering (AML), a package that includes four proposals overall

05Sep
2018

Consumer Credit, Digitalisation and Behavioural Economics: Are new protection rules needed?

Published in: 
Policy Briefs
Author(s): 
Janna Ayoub

In 2008, the Consumer Credit Directive (CCD) was significantly changed by adopting a targeted harmonisation approach that aimed at standardising information disclosure duties and imposing similar r

06Dec
2013

Transaction Banking: Respecting its role in the real economy

Published in: 
Policy Briefs
Author(s): 
Ales Chmelar

This paper sketches the main features and issues related to recent market developments in global transaction banking (GTB), particularly in trade finance, cash management and correspondent banking. It describes the basic functioning of the GTB, its interaction with global financial markets and re-lated implications of global regulatory developments such as Basel III.

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