30Oct
2025

Embedding financial competitiveness as a regulatory objective to boost Europe’s productivity

Published in: 
In-Depth Analyses
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal, Pablo Zalba, César Gurrea

Competitiveness has become the defining challenge for the European economy, but the EU’s financial system is still constrained by a regulatory framework focusing on stability and

14Oct
2025

Finance Europe is a well-intentioned label but it misses the structural point

Published in: 
Commentaries
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal

In June 2025, seven EU Member States (namely France, Spain, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Estonia, Germany and Portugal) launched Finance Europe, a voluntary label for re

08Oct
2025

Assessing regulatory approaches to gatekeeper participation in EU open finance

Published in: 
In-Depth Analyses
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal, Fredrik Andersson

The Financial Data Access Regulation (FIDA) is entering a decisive phase in negotiations. FIDA is the EU’s attempt to expand data portability in financial services.

11Sep
2025

Multi-issuance stablecoins and MiCA’s first real credibility test

Published in: 
In-Depth Analyses
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal

The EU’s Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) is now the world’s most comprehensive regulatory framework for digital assets.

28Aug
2025

EU simplification will fail without better governance: Three necessary reforms to make sure it doesn’t fail

Published in: 
Policy Briefs
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal

The EU has long been seen as a global regulatory power, exporting its standards across the world through what’s commonly known as the ‘Brussels Effect.’ However, newer frameworks

18Jun
2025

How to ensure a safer future for retail payments: Aligning fraud prevention and accountability in the EU

Published in: 
Policy Briefs
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal

Retail payment fraud is a structural challenge that no longer falls solely within the remit of payment service providers (PSPs).

28May
2025

Unfit for purpose? The legal maze of credit scoring under EU law

Published in: 
In-Depth Analyses
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal

The rules on automated credit scoring in the EU are entering a phase of profound transformation.

25Mar
2025

The EU retail payments compass: Let's lead the way

Published in: 
Research Reports
Author(s): 
Judith Arnal, Fredrik Andersson, Beatriz Pozo Pérez

We’re undergoing a global transformation marked by competition for resources, value chain shifts, geopolitical tensions, humanitarian crises, climate change and demographic chall

17Dec
2024

ECRI Statistical Package 2024 - Key findings

Published in: 
Research Reports
Author(s): 
Fredrik Andersson, Leonardo Trevisan

The ECRI Statistical Package 2024 provides data on outstanding credit granted by monetary-financial institutions (MFIs) to households and non-financial corporations (NFCs) for th

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